What type of study is this?

This is a Meta-Analysis study (also classified as: Systematic Review).

February 10, 2026BMC Public Health0 citationsOpen Access

Clinical and sociodemographic factors of diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

MAMelsew Setegn AlieMizan Tepi University GAGossa Fetene AbebeMizan Tepi University AAAmanuel AdugnaMizan Tepi University

Key Points

To determine the clinical and sociodemographic factors of diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in Ethiopia.
Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted
Comprehensive search across databases like Scopus and PubMed
Quality of articles appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale
Meta-analysis performed using R software with the Meta package
Pooled prevalence presented with corresponding confidence intervals
Pooled prevalence of diabetes among HIV patients was found to be 8.0%
Significant factors identified include older age and higher education level
Body mass index over 25 kg/m^2 was a significant factor
Longer duration on antiretroviral therapy correlated with higher diabetes prevalence
Associated conditions included hypertension, high LDL cholesterol, and obesity

Abstract

Chronic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus are a growing concern for people living with HIV, particularly in low and middle-income countries where it is also highly prevalent. However, there is a lack of synthesized evidence on factors of diabetes among people living with HIV in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to determine the clinical and sociodemographic factors of diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV. A comprehensive search was conducted from Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and African Journal Online. This search adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guideline and was conducted as of July 18, 2024. The quality of included articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The R software with the Meta package was utilized for meta-analysis. The pooled estimations were performed using a random effects model. The pooled estimates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were presented using a forest plot. Results from 12 studies indicated that the pooled prevalence of diabetes among people living with HIV was 8.0% (95% CI: 7.0, 9.0). Various factors were identified as factors of diabetes in this population. Older age, higher education level, body mass index(BMI) > 25 kg/m 2 , longer duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART), hypertension, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, obesity, and high levels of triglycerides were significant factors of diabetes mellitus. The pooled prevalence of diabetes among people living with HIV is higher than the national prevalence. Older age, higher education level, BMI > 25 kg/m 2 , longer duration on ART, hypertension, LDL cholesterol, obesity, and high levels of triglycerides were factors of diabetes. Interventions should prioritize older individuals and those with higher education levels who also have hypertension. By focusing on these specific groups, we can improve the management and prevention of diabetes among people living with HIV.

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