Optimization of Solar PV Renewable Energy System Integration for Mining Dewatering Operations

Frequent power outages represent a significant barrier to operational efficiency in the South African mining sector, and this is largely due to the country's dependence on coal-fired power stations. These disruptions have significantly impacted mining operations, making the exploration of alternative energy sources imperative to ensure continuous and unhindered production. This paper explores optimization and integration of renewable energy systems (RES), particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for mining dewatering operations energy supply. Using a Mining Company as a case study, a 2.4 MW solar PV system combined with a 7.5 MWh battery storage was simulated and optimized in MATLAB to assess its technical and economic feasibility. Results show that the hybrid PV–battery system can supply approximately 5.4 GWh of renewable energy annually, achieving a 54% reduction in grid electricity consumption and avoiding about 5,076 tonnes of CO₂ emissions per year. The system’s Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) was estimated at 0.05 USD/kWh (≈ R0.95/kWh), substantially below Eskom’s industrial tariff range of R1.30–R2.00/kWh, with an expected payback period of about 11 years. These findings validate the system’s technical viability, environmental benefit, and financial attractiveness, offering a practical model for enhancing energy security, reducing emissions, and supporting sustainable mining operations in South Africa.