Down-Conversion Strategies Toward High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

Although substantial progress has been made in the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), achieving further breakthroughs in both efficiency and operational stability remains a significant challenge. Device stability is governed by a combination of intrinsic factors of the perovskite solar cell and extrinsic influences such as light, moisture, oxygen, and heat. Recent studies have highlighted down-conversion (DC) materials as a key strategy to simultaneously improve power conversion efficiency and long-term operational stability. This paper systematically examines the sources of photoinstability in devices and comprehensively surveys the design, classification, and function of DC materials, with particular emphasis on how their spatial integration within the device enhances the performance and stability of PSCs.