Governance architecture formalizes risk-state traceability in high-risk environments, suggesting improved accountability.
TSUMS 4.0V is a non-interventionist governance reference architecture designed for high-risk environments. It formalizes risk as a governance state (RiskState) rather than a probabilistic forecast, and enables durable decision traceability, post-event reproducibility, and accountability without transferring authority to the system itself. The architecture is applicable to disaster response, mountain risk governance, AI-assisted decision systems, and other high-consequence domains.
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Ismahasan Vlian (2026) studied this question.
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