Key result
Six modifiable factors drive postprandial glycemic response to guide personalized CVD risk reduction.
Why the study?
The postprandial glycemic response is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is highly individualized, and individualized control of postprandial glycemic responses is expected to be important for prevention.
Design
Review
May support personalized postprandial glycemic strategies to lower CVD risk; leaves open confirmation via prospective trials before practice change.
The postprandial glycemic response (PPGR) is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is highly individualized. The PPGR is affected by both physiological and behavioral factors. Attention to the PPGR has dramatically increased recently with the widespread use of continuous glucose monitors. It is expected that individualized control of PPGRs will be important in the prevention of diabetes and its associated complications. In this article, we discuss six modifiable factors associated with the PPGRs, including (1) the glucoregulatory hormones, (2) gastric emptying, (3) salivary or pancreatic amylase, (4) diet, (5) physical exercise, and (6) sleep and circadian rhythm. Modifying these factors may allow for personalized intervention strategies to control the PPGR—to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease in individuals with varying degrees of glycemia.
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Wu et al. (2026) studied this question. Six modifiable factors—hormones, gastric emptying, amylase, diet, exercise, and sleep—affect postprandial glycemic response and can guide personalized strategies to reduce CVD risk.
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