» Proximal humeral malunions: Arthroscopic techniques are effective for mild malunions, osteotomy is suitable for more significant deformities, and shoulder arthroplasty is ideal for cases with severe damage or nonviable humeral heads. » Humeral shaft malunions: Rotational and angled deformities should be addressed with an osteotomy, though malunions are generally well tolerated and more likely to be cosmetic deformities. » Distal humerus malunions are complex, but corrective osteotomy or arthroplasty can improve function and pain, especially with 3-dimensional imaging enhancing surgical accuracy.
Kelly et al. (Sun,) studied this question.