What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to understand how listeners perceive consonance and dissonance in dyads of simple tones based on frequency ratios and mean frequencies.

February 11, 2026AcousticsOpen Access

Psychoacoustic Study of Simple-Tone Dyads: Frequency Ratio and Pitch

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We investigate how frequency ratios impact listener preferences for tone dyads, indicating various perceptual effects.

The aim is to understand how listeners perceive consonance and dissonance in dyads of simple tones based on frequency ratios and mean frequencies.
Examined listener preferences for dyads of sine tones classified by musical training, gender, and age.
Participants rated dyads using binary preference responses (like or dislike).
Dyads were constructed with sine tones to maintain interval ratios while varying absolute pitch.
Statistical analyses assessed preference trends across different interval classes.
Preference decreases as mean frequency increases, independent of interval class or participant group.
Linear declines in preference observed for octaves, fifths, fourths, and sixths with rising mean frequencies.
Musicians favor octaves and consonant intervals more than non-musicians.
Sensitivity to high frequencies varies by gender and age group.

Kaklamani et al. (2026) studied this question.

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