End-to-End Service-Based Architecture:Extends SBA to RAN for modular, programmable, and cloud-native deployments with dynamic service discovery. Cloud Continuum Evolution: Seamless compute-network integration from edge to cloud with dynamic workload migration and unified, location-aware orchestration. AI/ML-Driven Operations: Native AI/ML integration across the network stack empowers real-time automation, predictive management, and adaptive orchestration
Nezhad et al. (Wed,) studied this question.