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February 12, 2026Open Access

A No-Go Theorem for Kinematically Local Observables in Totally Constrained Quantum Theories

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Authors

LHLando Hiler

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Overview

This work proves a no-go theorem showing kinematically local observables can't be Dirac unless they are relational or boundary-defined.

Key Points

  • The aim is to demonstrate the incompatibility of kinematically local observables with gauge invariance in totally constrained quantum theories.
  • Proved a structural no-go theorem for locality in totally constrained quantum theories.
  • Analyzed the constraint algebra related to gauge invariance.
  • Investigated the implications of reparameterization invariance on observable promotion.
  • No observable with kinematically local support can become a Dirac observable without additional structure.
  • The incompatibility arises from the gauge dependence of spacetime embedding.
  • The findings apply broadly to multiple background-independent theories, including general relativity.

Cite This Study

Lando Hiler (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/698d6e055be6419ac0d53564https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18602096
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