This analysis explores gravitational interactions causing early galaxy formation and dark flow anomalies.
Building upon the "Open System Thermodynamics" framework [Frisina, Zenodo 2026, Papers I-III], we address two critical tensions in modern astrophysics: the anomalously early formation of massive galaxies observed by JWST (z > 10) and the persistent large-scale anisotropy known as Dark Flow. We propose that these phenomena are manifestations of the gravitational interaction between our brane and a Nearest-Neighbor Shadow Brane within a populated Bulk.Unlike standard brane-world models that struggle with the stability of fundamental constants, we posit a Multi-Brane Stack scenario. Here, the effective Newton's constant G is stabilized by the global volume modulus of the stack, satisfying observational constraints. Conversely, local structure formation is driven by the projected Weyl tensor from the nearest neighbor. We demonstrate that this non-local gravitational source acts as a catalyst in the Jeans Instability equation, driving exponential structure growth that naturally resolves the JWST anomalies. Furthermore, the Dark Flow is identified as a bulk gradient drift towards mass concentrations on the Shadow Brane.
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Giovanni Frisina (2026) studied this question.
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