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February 12, 2026JAMA Network OpenOpen Access

Air Pollution and the Progression of Physical Function Limitations and Disability in Aging Adults

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Authors

JGJiaqi GaoCLCarlos F. Mendes de LeonASAdam A. Szpiro

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Overview

Cohort study investigates air pollution impact on disability transitions in aging adults, suggesting potential modifiers to improve outcomes.

Key Points

  • To examine the role of air pollution as a modifiable risk factor influencing the transitions in physical disability states among aging adults.
  • Cohort study design using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).
  • Participants were adults over 50, assessed across multiple interviews from 2000 to 2016.
  • Air pollution exposure calculated from residential address data using spatiotemporal models.
  • Increased PM 2.5, PM 10-2.5, and NO 2 levels linked to higher risks of moving from no limitations to disability.
  • Conversely, higher O 3 levels associated with lower risks of transitioning to disability states.
  • The hazard ratio for PM 2.5 indicating increased risk of decline in physical function (HR 1.06).
  • Ozone showed a protective effect, with hazard ratios suggesting less risk of disability transitions (HR 0.92 for physical function limitations).

Cite This Study

Gao et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/698d6f0d5be6419ac0d551d3https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.58699
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Physical activity modifies the association between ambient air pollution and comorbid depression and disability in activities of daily living2025
  2. 2Impaired physical function in relation to later-life exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and ozone among Chinese middle-aged and older adults2025
  3. 3The Impact of Air Pollution on Physical Functioning Decline and the Benefits of Greenness: Evidence From a Nationwide Cohort Study2024 · 2 citations
  4. 4Air pollution and cognitive function: the potential protective effect of physical activity2025
  5. 5Air pollution and cognitive function: the potential protective effect of physical activity2025