What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to develop a cost-effective adsorbent for dye wastewater treatment.

February 13, 2026Water Air & Soil Pollution0 citations

Adsorption Performance of Methylene Blue by FeCl3/NaOH-Modified Hydrothermal Rice Straw Biochar-Activated White Clay Composite

XZXueliang ZhengShanghai Polytechnic University YZYiming ZhangShanghai Polytechnic University YWYihua WuShanghai Polytechnic University

Key Points

The research aims to develop a cost-effective adsorbent for dye wastewater treatment.
Synthesis of RCHC from rice straw via hydrothermal carbonization
Composite preparation with activated white clay
Characterization using SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, and XPS
Adsorption analysis through kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic models.
Maximum theoretical Methylene Blue adsorption capacity of 539.35 mg·g−1 at 45 °C
Adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics
Thermodynamic parameters indicate chemisorption-driven mechanism
Demonstrated excellent reusability of the composite in regeneration tests.

Abstract

With the growing environmental challenges posed by industrial dye wastewater and agricultural straw waste, the development of cost-effective and high-performance adsorbents has become a research priority. In this study, RCHC was synthesized from RC via hydrothermal carbonization and composited with AWC at a 1:1 mass ratio. The resulting composite, RCHC-ACFC, was modified using FeCl 3 /NaOH and applied for the adsorption of MB from simulated wastewater. The structural and chemical properties of RCHC-ACFC were characterized using SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. Adsorption behavior was systematically analyzed through kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic models. RCHC-ACFC exhibited a disordered lamellar structure, well-developed mesoporous channels, and abundant active surface functional groups, achieving an outstanding maximum theoretical MB adsorption capacity of 539.35 mg·g −1 at 45 °C. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters (Δ H > 0, Δ G 0) indicated a chemisorption-driven mechanism supported by physical diffusion. Regeneration tests confirmed the excellent reusability of RCHC-ACFC, offering a promising solution for dye-contaminated water treatment.

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