Assessment of natural radioactivity in environmental samples near Al-Nafoura oil field, Al-Jikharra, Libya

This study evaluates natural radioactivity levels in environmental samples from Al-Nafoura oil field and surrounding areas in Al-Jikharra, Libya. Fourteen samples (soil, plant, and water) were analyzed to assess radiological hazards associated with oil and gas activities. Radionuclide concentrations of ²²⁶Ra , ²³⁸U , ²³⁵U , ²³²Th , and ⁴⁰K were measured using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Results show elevated radionuclide levels in several samples, with some exceeding recommended limits. Notably, ²²⁶Ra accumulation was pronounced in evaporation ponds, indicating localized radiological sources. Radiation hazard indices, including Raeq, I_γ , Hₑₓ, Dₒᵤₜ, AEDₒᵤₜ , and outdoor ELCR, were calculated; all remained within safe limits except for sample SO3-3, which exhibited Raeq of 2091 Bq/kg, surpassing the permissible threshold. AGDE values exceeded the world average in plant samples, signaling potential health risks. Water-source indicators stayed within acceptable ranges but neared other limits, underscoring the need for ongoing monitoring. The findings highlight radiological pollution risks for groundwater-dependent irrigation and agriculture, urging pollution reduction, water safety assurance, and protective measures for communities and ecosystems.