Different surgical approaches for recurrent lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy: analysis of clinical and imaging outcomes

For patients with RLDH after PETD, both PEID and PETD achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy. PEID provides advantages over PETD by reducing operative time and fluoroscopy, and is effective in avoiding scar tissue formation from initial surgery. These findings suggest that PEID may be preferable in selected recurrent cases, particularly where scar tissue or anatomical barriers compromise transforaminal access.