Mucosal IL-36 is a defining feature of severe paediatric bronchiolitis

Megan V.C. Barnes; Sophie W.H. Stretch; Dawid Swieboda; Claudia Efstathiou; Fiona J. Culley; Trevor T. Hansel; Sam Strickson; Xavier Romero-Ros; E. Suzanne Cohen; Simon Nadel; Peter J.M. Openshaw; Ryan S. Thwaites

doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.01.012

February 1, 2026Mucosal ImmunologyOpen Access

Mucosal IL-36 is a defining feature of severe paediatric bronchiolitis

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Key Points

The study aims to identify molecular characteristics associated with severe bronchiolitis in children.
Used mucosal transcriptomics to assess gene expression profiles.
Focused on pediatric cases of RSV and all-cause bronchiolitis.
Analyzed the relationship between IL-36 secretion and immune response failure.
IL-36 secretion was prominently observed in severe cases.
Bronchiolitis cases showed an impaired interferon response.
Identified a link between IL-36 and life-threatening bronchiolitis.

Implication

Transcriptomic analysis identifies IL-36 as a critical factor in severe bronchiolitis, indicating immune response issues in children.

Abstract

Mucosal transcriptomics identifies IL-36 secretion as a feature of life-threatening paediatric RSV and all-cause bronchiolitis associated with interferon response failure.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Barnes et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699010942ccff479cfe56d8f https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.01.012

View Full Paper

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Mucosal IL-36 is a defining feature of severe paediatric bronchiolitis

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Mucosal IL-36 is a defining feature of severe paediatric bronchiolitis

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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