Key result
Rhinovirus infection in children with bronchiolitis was associated with higher IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 levels, whereas RSV was associated with higher TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10.
Why the study?
Viral bronchiolitis presents a heterogeneous spectrum, leading investigators to examine clinical characteristics and cytokine/chemokine profiles among RSV, RV, and dual infection in Taiwanese children.
Observational (n=184)
Different viral infections (RSV vs RV) elicit characteristic clinical presentations and immune profiles in bronchiolitis, highlighting the role of the IL-33/IL-31 axis.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports virus-specific cytokine profiling in bronchiolitis; hypothesis-generating for IL-33/IL-31 axis interventions, pending prospective trials.
Viral bronchiolitis presents a heterogeneous spectrum. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics and the cytokines/chemokines profiles among respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), and their dual infection in Taiwanese children with viral bronchiolitis. This study was conducted between October 2014 and June 2017. Viral etiology was identified using a Luminex respiratory virus panel and blood cytokines were evaluated using a MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine Panel. Cytokine/Chemokine expressions were compared by clinical severity, steroid treatment, and viral entities. A total of 184 patients were evaluated; at least one respiratory virus was identified in 163 (88.6%) patients. RSV and RV were the two leading viral etiologies, with 25.5% and 17.3%, respectively. RV bronchiolitis has a comparable severity to RSV but is more common in children of an older age with a history of recurrent wheezing and blood eosinophilia. Decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) levels were correlated with clinical severity. Patients infected with RV exhibited higher levels of Interleukin (IL)-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 (p < 0.05), whereas those with RSV had higher levels of TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10 (p < 0.05). Systemic steroid treatment was associated with higher expressions of IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, and MIP-1α levels (p < 0.05). Cluster analysis revealed a high correlation of IL-33 and IL-31(R2 = 0.9731, p < 0.0001). Different viral infections elicited the characteristic clinical presentation and immune profiles in bronchiolitis. Our findings also highlight the role of the IL-33/IL-31 axis in the immunopathogenesis of bronchiolitis.
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Lee et al. (2022) conducted an observational in Viral bronchiolitis (n=184). Rhinovirus (RV) vs Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection vs. Different viral etiologies was evaluated on Cytokine/chemokine profiles (p=<0.05). Rhinovirus infection in children with bronchiolitis was associated with higher IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 levels, whereas RSV was associated with higher TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10.
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