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February 14, 2026PLoS ONEOpen Access

Influence of the tumor microenvironment on genetic mutations in thyroid carcinoma

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Authors

LZLingyan ZhouSXShujian XuYSYuwen Song

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Overview

Investigational THCA immunotherapy shows connections between genetic mutations and tumor microenvironment, suggesting new targets.

Key Points

  • This research aims to investigate the relationship between genetic mutations and the tumor microenvironment in thyroid carcinoma to support immunotherapy efforts.
  • Analyzed RNA-sequencing data from 571 THCA samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
  • Applied the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate ImmuneScores and StromalScores.
  • Stratified samples into immune-high, immune-low, stromal-high, and stromal-low groups based on median scores.
  • Identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially mutated genes (DMGs).
  • Used the CIBERSORT algorithm to quantify tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs).
  • Significant differences in mutation frequencies of BRAF, NRAS, and HRAS between immune and stromal stratification groups.
  • BRAF and NRAS expression levels were linked to THCA clinical stages.
  • Identified 11 types of activated TICs strongly associated with BRAF expression.
  • THCA specimens with reduced BRAF expression showed increased immune checkpoint protein (ICP) levels, indicating possible effectiveness of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.

Cite This Study

Zhou et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699010df2ccff479cfe572a8https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0341123
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1The Role of Immune Cells and Immune Related Genes in the Tumor Microenvironment of Thyroid Cancer Implications for Immunotherapy2024
  2. 2Potential tumor-specific antigens and immune landscapes identification for mRNA vaccine in thyroid cancer2024 · 2 citations
  3. 3Analysis of expression differences of immune genes in thyroid carcinoma based on TCGA and ImmPort data sets and the application of a prognostic model2026
  4. 4Causal role of immune cells in thyroid cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study2024 · 1 citations
  5. 5Impact of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on the tumor microenvironment in papillary thyroid cancer: insights from single-cell analysis2024 · 15 citations