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February 14, 2026Applied SciencesOpen Access

Bond–Slip Behavior Between Shotcrete and I-Shaped Steel with Studs in Tunnels: Experimental and Numerical Study via Push-Out Tests

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Authors

MLMinhao LiChengdu University of TechnologyMLMuyu LiChengdu University of TechnologyJLJunfu LuChengdu University of Technology

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Implication

Experimental and numerical analysis reveals how stud geometry affects bond-slip behavior in tunnel supports, implying design optimizations.

Key Points

  • This study aims to clarify the bond-slip behavior between I-shaped steel and shotcrete in tunnel supports.
  • Conducted push-out tests on five groups of stud-reinforced specimens
  • Investigated effects of stud geometry and arrangement
  • Developed a bond-slip constitutive model based on experimental data
  • Revealed two main failure modes: tensile and expansion failure
  • Quincuncial layout achieved an ultimate load of 372.4 kN, significantly higher than other arrangements
  • Stud diameter increase from 13 mm to 16 mm led to a 16.7% load increase

Cite This Study

Li et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699011812ccff479cfe584b3https://doi.org/10.3390/app16041854
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