Search for heavy neutral leptons in decays of W bosons produced in 13 TeV pp collisions using prompt signatures in the ATLAS detector

The existence of right-handed neutrinos with Majorana masses below the electroweak scale could help address the origins of neutrino masses, the matter–antimatter asymmetry, and dark matter. In this paper, leptonic decays of W bosons from 140 fb ⁻¹ - 1 of 13 TeV proton–proton collisions at the LHC, reconstructed in the ATLAS experiment, are used to search for heavy neutral leptons produced through their mixing with muon or electron neutrinos in a scenario with lepton number violation. The search is conducted using prompt leptonic decay signatures. The considered final states require two same-charge leptons or three leptons, while vetoing three-lepton same-flavour topologies. No significant excess over the expected Standard Model backgrounds is found, leading to constraints on the heavy neutral lepton’s mixing with muon and electron neutrinos for heavy-neutral-lepton masses. The analysis excludes |Uₑ|² | U e | 2 values above 8× 10⁻⁵ 8 × 10 - 5 and |Uμ|² | U μ | 2 values above 5.0 × 10⁻⁵ 5.0 × 10 - 5 in the full mass range of 8–65 GeV. The strongest constraints are placed on heavy-neutral-lepton masses in the range 15–30 GeV of |Uₑ|² < 1.1 × 10⁻⁵ | U e | 2 < 1.1 × 10 - 5 and |Uμ|² < 5 × 10⁻⁶ | U μ | 2 < 5 × 10 - 6 .