An immunomodulatory hydrogel featuring antibacterial and ROS-scavenging functions for enhanced burn wound healing

Infectious wounds induce a cycle of bacterial proliferation, oxidative stress accumulation, and dysregulated macrophage polarization, collectively hindering tissue repair. Conventional wound dressings typically address these pathological factors in isolation, resulting in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Here, we report the design of a biocompatible multifunctional hydrogel (GAPC). This system integrates self-assembled Proanthocyanidin/Chlorhexidine nanoparticles into a dual-network GelMA/ADM scaffold. Consequently, the hydrogel exhibits simultaneous antibacterial activity, ROS scavenging, and immunomodulatory capacity. In vitro, GAPC hydrogel has superb antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. On the other hand, GAPC hydrogel promotes M1-to-M2 macrophage transition and preserved cellular viability under oxidative stress. Furthermore, in vivo it accelerated infected burn wound closure, enhanced collagen remodeling, and stimulated neovascularization. Collectively, GAPC hydrogel interrupts the "infection-oxidative stress-inflammation" loop, offering a safe and promising option for managing infected wounds.