Stability Analysis of an 𝒮ℰℐ𝒬ℛ Epidemic Model with Saturated Incidence Rate Using Fractal-Fractional Order Techniques

This study presents a fractional-order susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantine-recovered [Formula: see text] epidem ic model to investigate the dynamics of infectious diseases under the influence of treatment strategies. The proposed model is analyzed to ensure the existence and uniqueness of non-negative and bounded solutions. We used the next-generation matrix approach to directly determine the fundamental reproduction number, [Formula: see text]. The model reveals the presence of a single endemic equilibrium, which is asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text], and a disease-free equilibrium that exists for all values of [Formula: see text] and is stable when [Formula: see text]. The theoretical results are substantiated by numerical simulations. To determine which parameters have the greatest effect on disease dynamics, we performed a global sensitivity analysis. Numerical simulations are implemented in MATLAB ([Formula: see text]2019[Formula: see text]), and the outcomes are visualized graphically to show the model’s behavior under varying parameter scenarios.