What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop a rapid method for analyzing multiple pesticide residues in hemp seed oil and ensure regulatory compliance.

February 17, 2026Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry0 citations

Reliable LC-MS/MS method integrated with a linear retention index approach for multiresidue pesticide analysis in hemp seed oil

AFAntonio FerracaneUniversity of Messina RVRoberto Laganà VinciUniversity of Messina FRFrancesca RiganoUniversity of Messina

Key Points

To develop a rapid method for analyzing multiple pesticide residues in hemp seed oil and ensure regulatory compliance.
Used LC-MS/MS to analyze 148 pesticides in hemp seed oil
Integrated linear retention index for improved compound identification
Streamlined extraction with 5 mL ACN per sample
Conducted method validation for sensitivity, accuracy, and precision
Analyzed 12 commercial hemp seed oil samples for pesticide presence.
Detected 21 pesticides in commercial hemp seed oil samples
Malathion and proquinazid exceeded maximum residue limits in two samples
Method showed excellent sensitivity with LOQs of 0.03–22.29 ng g⁻ 1
Achieved chromatographic separation in under 12 minutes

Abstract

The increasing global demand for hemp seed oil (HSO) necessitates robust analytical methods to monitor pesticide residues and ensure compliance with increasingly stringent international regulations. This study presents a rapid and efficient multiresidue method for the determination of 148 pesticides in HSO using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), coupled with a linear retention index (LRI) approach to enhance compound identification confidence. The method features a streamlined extraction protocol with reduced solvent consumption (5 mL ACN per sample) and achieves chromatographic separation within 12 min. Method validation demonstrated excellent sensitivity (LOQs, 0.03–22.29 ng g⁻ 1 ), accuracy (71–129%), and precision (RSD ≤ 19.9%). Integration of the LRI system enabled unambiguous differentiation of isomeric compounds. Application of the method to 12 commercial HSO samples revealed the presence of 21 pesticides, with malathion and proquinazid exceeding Canadian maximum residue limits (MRLs) in two samples. This robust and eco-efficient method provides a robust solution for pesticide monitoring in HSO, aligning with EU, Canadian, and Californian regulatory frameworks while introducing LRI as a valuable tool for pesticide analysis in complex lipid matrices.

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