Smoking habits and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in men and women: findings of a 12 year follow up among an urban Eastern-Mediterranean population

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Flow diagram of participants recruitment. Dashed boxes represent exclusion. CVD. Cardiovascular diseases

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  Fig. 2. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CVD/CHD incidence in men, among different smoking groups (Ref: never smoker). Tehran Lipid and Glucose study 1999–2010. Model 1. Adjusted for age. Model 2. Adjusted for age and cardio-metabolic risk factors including: body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride levels, cholesterol level and fasting blood sugar. Model 3. Adjusted for age, cardio-metabolic risk factors (as above) and socio-economic features including: education (Ref: college degree), marital status (Ref: married) and occupation (Ref: employed). P. Passive smoker; Ex. Ex-smoker; P.Ex. Passive and Ex-smoker; O. Occasional smoker; D. Daily smoker

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  Fig. 3. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CVD incidence in male smokers and ex-smokers, based on the number of cigarettes smoked per day, or the time spent since the last quit, respectively (ref: never smoker). Model 1. Adjusted for age. Model 2. Adjusted for age and cardio-metabolic risk factors including: body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides level, cholesterol level and fasting blood sugar. Model 3. Adjusted for age, cardio-metabolic risk factors (as above) and socio-economic features including: education (Ref: college degree), marital status (Ref: married) and occupation (Ref: employed). Q ≥ 15y, Quit 15 years ago or before; Q < 15y, Quit in the last 15 years; ≤ 10 c/day, Smoking ≤10 cigarettes/day; 11–20 c/day, Smoking 11–20 cigarettes/day; ≥ 21 c/day, Smoking ≥21 cigarettes/day

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  Fig. 4. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CVD/CHD incidence in women, among different smoking groups (Ref: never smoker). Tehran Lipid and Glucose study 1999–2010. Model 1. Adjusted for age. Model 2. Adjusted for age and cardio-metabolic risk factors including: body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides level, cholesterol level and fasting blood sugar. Model 3. Adjusted for age, cardio-metabolic risk factors (as above) and socio-economic features including: education (Ref: college degree), marital status (Ref: married) and occupation (Ref: employed)