Key result
Age ≥65 years is linked to ~3.6-fold higher cardiovascular mortality in a 10-year cohort.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular disease mortality is increasing in Iran, and there is limited long-term evidence on lifestyle determinants of CVD mortality in this population.
Do sociodemographic and lifestyle factors predict cardiovascular mortality in Iranian adults over a 10-year period?
Cohort (n=2,000)
No
Do sociodemographic and lifestyle factors predict cardiovascular mortality in Iranian adults over a 10-year period?
Hazard Ratio: 3.63 (95% CI 2.28–5.77)
Absolute Event Rate: 15.14% vs 2.86%
Traditional risk factors, including age, male sex, and smoking, strongly predict long-term cardiovascular mortality in an Iranian cohort, while moderate physical activity and education offer protective benefits.
Supports targeted CVD risk assessment by age, sex, and smoking in Iranian adults; extends global evidence to this LMIC cohort but remains hypothesis-generating.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with a growing burden in low- and middle-income countries. Given the increasing CVD mortality in Iran and the limited evidence on long-term lifestyle determinants, a cohort study is needed to examine the effects of related factors. METHODS: A total of 2,000 adults, including 1,000 men and women aged 20 to 74 years, were enrolled in a population-based cohort study in Yazd, Iran, from 2005 to 2006, with a mean follow-up of 10 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality in relation to demographic, economic status, educational, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: During follow-up, 83 CVD deaths occurred (5.4%). The mortality rate was 6.8% in men and 3.8% in women. After adjustment for hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, significant predictors of CVD mortality included age ≥65 years (HR = 3.63, 95% CI: 2.28-5.77), male sex (HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.31-3.34), and smoking (HR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.21-3.13). In contrast, moderate physical activity was associated with a lower risk of mortality (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17-0.84), and high school education was also protective (HR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.98). In subgroup analyses among men, age ≥65 years, moderate physical activity, and high school education remained significant predictors of CVD mortality (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Age 65 years or older, smoking, and male sex increased the risk of CVD mortality in this Iranian cohort. Physical activity and higher educational attainment were associated with a reduced risk of CVD mortality.
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Sarebanhassanabadi et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Cardiovascular mortality (n=2,000). Age ≥65 years vs. Age <65 years was evaluated on Cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.63, 95% CI 2.28-5.77). In a 10-year cohort of Iranian adults, age ≥65 years was the strongest predictor of cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.63), while smoking and male sex also significantly increased risk.
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