Risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and their long-term prognostic implications

Objectives This study sought to identify the risk factors associated with venous thrombosis for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a long term. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the ICH patients between January 2021 and December 2022. Results A total of 737 patients were examined with 86 patients (11.7 %) of venous thrombosis. The risk factors linked to venous thrombosis were the length of hospital stay (p<0.001), admission NIH Stroke Scale (p=0.008), and D-dimer levels (p=0.041). No significant differences in mortality rates existed at any timepoint in this study between patients with and without venous thrombosis after correction analysis (p>0.05). However, patients who developed a venous thrombosis exhibited a higher rate of poor outcomes compared to patients who did not develop a venous thrombosis (p<0.05) at the time of hospital discharge (90.7 % vs. 59.6 %), 90 days post-onset (73.2 % vs. 41.6 %), and 1-year post-onset (73.2 % vs. 41.0 %). Conclusions The identified risk factors for venous thrombosis among ICH patients include extended hospitalization, elevated NIH Stroke Scale score and D-dimer level. The occurrence of a venous thrombosis correlated with inferior functional outcomes at the time of hospital discharge, at 90 days and 1 year after onset.