This paper investigates the contact stress induced by a rigid sphere sliding on a coating-ceramic system. A discrete element model incorporating a ceramic substrate, a surface coating, and a rigid sphere is developed. The influences of the coating grain elastic modulus, coating surface friction coefficient, coating thickness, and interface microcrack defects on the stress distribution within the system are analyzed. The results indicate that a higher coating-to-substrate elastic modulus ratio increases the overall stress but reduces the interfacial shear stress. A lower surface friction coefficient is more beneficial for hard coatings. The relatively optimal coating thickness (h/a) is approximately 0.5. When interface microcrack defects are present, stress concentrations occur at their locations. Longer interface microcracks lead to greater stress concentration, and the interfacial concentrated stress increases with crack length.
Li et al. (2026) studied this question.