Differential Effects of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Sperm Quality and Reproductive Hormones in Male Rats: A Comparative Experimental Study

Introduction Cannabis is the most widely used drug in Morocco, particularly among young individuals, with potential repercussions on their reproductive health. Through its interaction with the endocannabinoid system, cannabis may interfere with spermatogenesis and hormonal regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cannabis consumption on sperm quality parameters and reproductive hormones in male rats. Materials and Methods Twenty‐one rats were divided into three groups receiving intraperitoneal injections of cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and saline at a dose of 5 mg for a period of 36 days. Sperm parameters were analyzed, including motility, concentration, morphology, and vitality. FSH, LH, and testosterone hormones were assayed, and histological analysis of the testes was performed. Results THC exposure significantly reduced the sperm motility (22.5% vs. 43.5%, p = 0.0014) and vitality (40% vs. 70%, p = 0.006) and altered hormonal profiles, increasing FSH and LH while decreasing testosterone ( p < 0.05). However, testicular weight, sperm morphology, and concentration were not significantly affected by THC. In contrast, the CBD‐treated group did not differ significantly from the control group for any of the assessed parameters ( p > 0.05). Histological analysis did not find any testicular lesions. Conclusion This study highlights the deleterious effects of THC on sperm quality and the balance of reproductive hormones in rats. CBD, on the other hand, appears to have no major impact at equivalent doses, which suggests that young people should be made aware of the importance of preserving fertility.