An oxygen doped porous hard carbon derived from durian shell for high-performance sodium ion storage

Key Points

• The research aims to develop a high-performance sodium ion storage material from durian shell-derived hard carbon.
• Carbonization of durian shells at 700 °C to produce hard carbon.
• Testing of sodium ion storage capacity at a current density of 25 mA g −1.
• Evaluation of reversible capacity after 100 cycles.
• The hard carbon showed a reversible capacity of 297.2 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles.
• Demonstrated excellent sodium storage performance, indicating reliability for energy applications.