The Predictive Value of Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Among AMI Patients—A Prospective Registry Study

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Study flow chart. AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CHIP, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HGI, hemoglobin glycation index.

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  FIGURE 2. The linear regression of FPG on HbA1c. The red line indicates the fitted regression equation. FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.

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  FIGURE 3. Proportions of patients with high or low HGI across CHIP subgroups. Bar graphs show the ratio of patients with high HGI (≥ median, a) and low HGI (< median, b) according to CHIP status, including any CHIP, common CHIP, and specific CHIP mutations (TET2, ASXL1, and DNMT3A). No statistically significant differences were observed between CHIP‐positive and CHIP‐negative groups in any subgroup (all p > 0.05). HGI, hemoglobin glycation index.

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  FIGURE 4. The Kaplan–Meier method was employed to estimate the mortality associated with the presence or absence of any CHIP and common CHIP, stratified by the median value of HGI in all patients and in patients with DM. Among individuals in the high HGI group, any CHIP (a) and common CHIP (b) mutation both experienced a higher risk of mortality, as well as in the DM patients (c and d), any and common CHIP mutation, respectively. CHIP, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; DM, diabetes mellitus; HGI, hemoglobin glycation index.