Background Pregnancy loss, including miscarriage, stillbirth, and early losses, affects millions globally. Approximately 15-20% of pregnancies end in miscarriage, with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affecting 1-2% of couples. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological, psychological, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) interventions in improving clinical and psychological outcomes for women experiencing pregnancy loss. Objective To assess the impact of pharmacological, psychological, and ART interventions on clinical and psychological outcomes in women experiencing pregnancy loss and identify gaps in healthcare delivery. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, 18 studies published between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed using data from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Studies were included if they assessed interventions for pregnancy loss, focusing on pharmacological therapies, psychological approaches, and ART. Statistical heterogeneity (I 2 statistic) and publication bias (Egger’s regression test) were evaluated. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses explored variations across geographic, demographic, and methodological factors. Results Pharmacological therapies, including mifepristone and misoprostol, significantly improved tissue expulsion (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8–4.3) and patient satisfaction. Low-dose aspirin increased live birth rates by 22% (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10–1.35). Psychological interventions such as mindfulness and art therapy reduced stress (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.30) and enhanced quality of life. ART interventions, especially immediate frozen embryo transfer (FET), improved clinical pregnancy rates (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.23). Subgroup analyses identified lower intervention efficacy in low-resource settings, while home-based misoprostol showed safety but limited efficacy in reducing postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion Integrated care approaches addressing both physical and psychological needs are effective for managing pregnancy loss. Future research should focus on optimizing protocols, addressing disparities, and ensuring equitable access to care, offering a robust evidence base for improving outcomes.
Jayaprakasam et al. (Tue,) studied this question.