Degendered care and the biomedicalization of masculinity after myocardial infarction: A qualitative analysis exploring Swedish healthcare professionals’ perspectives

This study investigates the interplay between biomedical practices and sociocultural constructs of gender and masculinity in shaping healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) understandings of myocardial infarction (MI) and MI patients. Theoretically, the study departed from the ongoing reframing of healthcare in Sweden and internationally, whereby the medical gaze is transformed into biomedicalization. The findings show that the dominance of biomedical perspectives serves to create certain norms regarding how bodies and illness are to be treated, bringing a strong focus to person-centered care, and to patients’ own moral responsibility to adhere to medical advice. The expansion of individualized perspectives – the construction of “biological citizens” – however, also entails a risk of creating a false sense of universality, whereby social and cultural aspects of illness are made invisible. Even though some HCPs describe MI as a “male disease,” patients are largely constructed as gender-neutral. The dominance of biomedicalization serves to obscure opportunities to think through the connections between risk factors, gender/masculinity, and MI. Accordingly, the healthcare system and HCPs working in MI care may fail to account for how diverse gender scripts and cultural dynamics might contribute to form patients’ experiences, care seeking behavior and adherence with medical advice in rehabilitation.