The evolution of environmental technologies integration in industrial knowledge bases: centrality, coherence, and convergence

This paper examines the role and evolution of environmental technologies (ETs) through centrality profiles and integration patterns within industrial knowledge bases. The findings indicate that the centrality of environmental technical fields remains stable across two periods (1978–99 and 2000–15), with ETs often occupying marginal positions due to their emerging nature. ETs that address primary environmental issues in specific industries tend to have higher centrality, while others vary based on industry focus. Regarding integration patterns, ETs exhibit coherence with central technologies and convergence with marginal ones, with integration profiles proving more dynamic than centrality profiles. This transition reflects a growing connection between ETs and industry core competencies, driven by economic value and operational cost reductions. The study recommends prioritizing ETs that align with central competencies, facilitating convergence for emerging ETs; developing industry-specific and adaptable policies, supporting high-impact technologies, cross-sectoral integration, and monitoring mechanisms to enhance ET integration, fostering sustainable development.