What does this research mean for the field?

Individuals who misuse dextromethorphan (DXM) in psychiatric settings are more likely to be younger, female, and have higher rates of acute intoxication and mood disorders compared to codeine (COD) misusers. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to compare the clinical characteristics of individuals misusing codeine and dextromethorphan in psychiatric settings.

February 20, 2026Neuropsychopharmacology ReportsOpen Access

Clinical Characteristics of Over‐The‐Counter Drug Misusers in Psychiatric Practice in Japan: Comparison Between Codeine Misusers and Dextromethorphan Misusers

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This research aims to compare the clinical characteristics of individuals misusing codeine and dextromethorphan in psychiatric settings.
Analyzed data from the 2024 National Survey on Drug-Related Disorders in Psychiatric Inpatient Facilities.
Extracted individuals misusing OTC medications containing codeine and dextromethorphan.
Compared demographic characteristics, ICD-10 subcategories, and comorbid psychiatric disorders between the two groups using Fisher's exact test.
Conducted multivariable logistic regression to analyze factors associated with DXM misuse.
The DXM group had a higher proportion of females and younger individuals compared to the COD group.
DXM misusers exhibited higher rates of recent drug use and a history of self-harm or suicide attempts.
DXM group showed significantly higher rates of acute intoxication and mood disorders based on ICD-10.
Younger age, acute intoxication, and comorbid mood disorders were significantly associated with DXM misuse.

Discussion

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Implication

Comparison identifies clinical differences between codeine and dextromethorphan misusers, suggesting tailored support.

Cite This Study

Tanibuchi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6997fa90ad1d9b11b3453d77 https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.70100

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Clinical Characteristics of Over‐The‐Counter Drug Misusers in Psychiatric Practice in Japan: Comparison Between Codeine Misusers and Dextromethorphan Misusers

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Clinical Characteristics of Over‐The‐Counter Drug Misusers in Psychiatric Practice in Japan: Comparison Between Codeine Misusers and Dextromethorphan Misusers

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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