Surface plasmons are bound modes at metal–dielectric interfaces and enable a wide range of applications. However, holographic plasmonic fields are usually realized with complex nanostructures, introducing diffraction background and limiting flexibility and dynamic reconfigurability. Here, we propose a structureless holographic approach for generating complex plasmonic fields and controlling their energy flow through a reverse-designed algorithm. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that holographic plasmonic fields can be effectively excited and flexibly modulated on a flat metal film. Furthermore, by loading orbital angular momentum onto the holographic plasmonic field, a controllable energy flow aligned with the plasmonic field can be achieved, visualizing through gold particles transporting along the designed trajectory like a surface slide. This work offers a promising structureless pathway for generation and manipulation of holographic plasmonic fields as well as other surface-wave fields, demonstrating significant potential for controllable on-chip optical energy and particle transmission.
Zhang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.