The study of molecular mechanisms underlying early angiogenesis and vascular re-innervation, as well as the investigation of vascular development and, in parallel, key factors regulating angiogenesis, is of fundamental importance for the development of new therapeutic approaches to stimulate tissue regeneration and wound healing. Dynamic periodic changes (vasomotion) in blood flow are a major determinant of the remodeling of the microvascular system. The vessels of the capillary bed constrict when they are relatively less perfused and divide (dichotomously) when exposed to strong flow, thereby shaping the microvascular network for optimal tissue perfusion and oxygenation. The in vivo approach is based on the method of intravital microscopy, using implanted tissue chambers, such as the dorsal skin fold chamber (DSC), and microscopic evaluation of the dynamic properties of single blood vessels in the range of 5 to 50 micrometers. By an in vitro approach, we utilize products from the MIMETAS company to implement organ-on-chip technology. Microfluidic chips can be used to culture miniaturized models of tissue and organs. Each chip holds three channels. The middle channel is used to seed an extracellular matrix (ECM) gel. Endothelial cells are added to one of the perfusion channels and form an endothelial tubule under medium perfusion. Current research is theoretically based on models obtained using the software product COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL Ltd.), as computational models are used to theoretically represent the hemodynamics of blood flow, which are not easily recapitulated. The model demonstrates its robustness by verifying numerical results, revealing statistically significant differences with deviations in key parameters, including diameter, wall shear stress ( p < 0.05), peripheral wall stress, and metabolic stimuli ( p < 0.01).
Traikov et al. (Sun,) studied this question.