Finite Element Simulation of Cracked Dentin

Cracking in teeth is often caused by defects, aging, or poorly designed fillings. Vertical opening fractures are particularly common. Therefore, Mode-I fracture mechanics were applied in the current simulation based on the simulated stress distribution at the dentin. Using finite element analysis, the crack path and fracture behavior were simulated. An oblique bite force of 453 N, applied at a 45° angle to the longitudinal axis of the tooth structure, was used. Minimum and maximum dentin properties were investigated to assess their influence on fracture initiation and propagation. Three different load levels were applied to examine and compare the degree of crack propagation and the effect of varying loads on crack growth. Results showed that teeth with maximum anisotropic dentin required approximately 100 N more force than those with minimum properties to transition into the crack development phase. The stress intensity factor (SIF), which determines stress concentration and crack tip propagation, was calculated for the applied loads. Higher loads resulted in higher SIF values, thereby reducing fatigue life.