What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to develop a new item response model for bounded continuous data that accounts for ceiling and floor effects.

February 21, 2026BehaviormetrikaOpen Access

A continuous item response model using a censored normal distribution

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Proposes the Censored Normal Response Model to analyze bounded continuous data, suggesting enhanced interpretability.

The aim is to develop a new item response model for bounded continuous data that accounts for ceiling and floor effects.
Introduced the Censored Normal Response Model (CNRM) based on item response theory.
Formulated CNRM as a special case of the generalized normal ogive framework.
Utilized the EM algorithm for parameter estimation.
Applied the model to both simulated and real datasets.
CNRM is computationally efficient and interpretable.
It serves as an alternative to existing methods like the zero-and-one inflated approach.

Minamimoto et al. (2026) studied this question.

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