Calvo-Sancho et al. demonstrate the intensified impact of climate warming on extreme weather events, highlighting a critical disaster in Spain.
In October 2024, Valencia, Spain, suffered extreme rainfall that triggered devastating flash-floods. Within a few hours, rainfall accumulations exceeded typical annual totals, breaking the national record for one-hour rainfall in Spain. This event is considered the most destructive weather-related disaster in contemporary Spain in terms of human and economic losses. Calvo-Sancho et al. show that human-driven climate warming significantly intensified the storm, making the disaster markedly more destructive than it would have been in the pre-industrial era1.
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Garderen et al. (2026) studied this question.
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