Indonesia is not an exception and mostly depends on Coal Fire Power Plants (CFPPs) which use coal to generate the required energy. Due to the fact that it is still in the development stages of the efforts to develop energy generation based on renewable sources of energy like Geothermal Power Plants (GPPs), reliance on CFPPs is inevitable. Thus, the GPP development needs to be boosted to mitigate the barrier aspects during investment stages. The purpose of this study is to determine and assess the barriers that have to be overcome in boosting GPP investment development. Fifty-seven barriers have been realized through a literature review and by interacting with the industry. Moreover, these barriers are determined by an integrated methodology of fuzzy DELPHI (FDELPHI) and fuzzy decision-making and testing laboratory (FDEMATEL). FAHP lays emphasis upon the barriers, and FDEMATEL discloses the connections among them. Twelve Expert judgments were collected and transformed into crisp values through the FDM aggregation process. The research findings indicate that eight major barriers that cause to the performance of GPP investment development are Political Interference, Tax Rate Increase, Land Acquisition, Local Community Resistance,. Exploration Methods, Technology Support, Addition of Drilling Points, and Licensing. Furthermore, there are effects caused by Economic Investigation, Guarantee of Purchases and Tariffs, Large Capital Needs, Land Confiscation Risks /Force Majeure, Condition Mitigation, Ecosystem Damage, and Regulatory Changes. Based on the research findings above, this study has several implications that can be applied to ensure investors take necessary actions in a timely manner to improve GPP investment development. • Geothermal investment issues have not been fully resolved to date in Indonesia • Investment performance has been slow due to several barriers. • Monitoring using Fuzzy Delphi reveals several main barriers to the investment. • Fuzzy DEMATEL analysis helps to see the extent of the cause/effect between these barrier factors. • The causal model of the main barrier factors can be used as a basis for increasing geothermal investment in Indonesia.
Mairizal et al. (2026) studied this question.