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February 21, 2026Journal of Water and Climate ChangeOpen Access

Pressure on groundwater in growing African cities in the face of climate change: challenges and opportunities learned from Lusaka and Windhoek

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Authors

MLMuumbe Kenneth LweendoNamibia University of Science and TechnologyBMBenjamin MapaniNamibia University of Science and TechnologyKBKawawa BandaUniversity of Zambia

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Overview

Comparative review reveals groundwater strategies in Lusaka and Windhoek, suggesting adaptive measures for urban water security.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore groundwater management approaches in Lusaka and Windhoek, focusing on challenges and strategies for urban water security.
  • Comparative review of literature and secondary data from Lusaka and Windhoek
  • Analysis of hydrogeological settings and water management practices
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and transferable strategies
  • In Lusaka, over 50% of potable water comes from a stressed karst aquifer due to population growth.
  • Windhoek's aquifer management includes over 2.8 million m3 of annual artificial recharge.
  • Potable water reuse in Windhoek provides about 30% of the city's water supply.
  • Key lessons emphasize aquifer protection, managed recharge, and efficient water use to enhance resilience.

Cite This Study

Lweendo et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69994bef873532290d020028https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2026.180
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