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February 21, 2026International Journal of Emergency MedicineOpen Access

Hospital readiness for emergency and critical care in India: a nationwide cross-sectional study

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Authors

RBRoshan BhaladhareSymbiosis International UniversityPRParag RishipathakSymbiosis International University

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Implication

Nationwide cross-sectional study assesses hospital readiness for emergency care in India, indicating moderate gaps in resources.

Key Points

  • The study aims to evaluate the readiness of hospitals in India to provide emergency and critical care services.
  • Nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 across 50 hospitals.
  • In-depth interviews with healthcare providers and administrators to assess ECC resource availability.
  • Assessment of ECC readiness using the WHO’s Hospital Emergency Unit Assessment Tool (HEAT).
  • Readiness evaluated across four domains: staff, supplies & equipment, clinical services, and systems & space.
  • Median overall ECC readiness score was 0.46 on a scale of 0 to 1, indicating moderate readiness.
  • Tertiary hospitals scored higher on readiness (0.62) compared to secondary (0.50) and district hospitals (0.40).
  • Clinical services scored highest among domains at 0.55, while supplies & equipment scored lowest at 0.40.
  • Common barriers included personnel shortages (72%), stock-outs of supplies (68%), lack of training (66%), and infrastructure issues (56%).

Cite This Study

Bhaladhare et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69994c01873532290d020201https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-026-01152-x
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