Key result
P-coumaric acid attenuates bleomycin-induced lung injury and early fibrosis in mice, reducing edema ~44%.
Why the study?
Acute lung injury can develop into fatal pulmonary fibrosis without effective treatment, and the effect of p-coumaric acid on acute lung injury had not been explored.
Does p-coumaric acid improve bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice?
Does p-coumaric acid improve bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice?
Effect estimate: Significant reduction in wet-to-dry lung weight ratio with p-coumaric acid 100 mg/kg compared to bleomycin alone (p ≤ 0.05)
Absolute Event Rate: 3.78% vs 6.72%
p-value: p=≤0.05
In a mouse model, p-coumaric acid significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced acute lung injury, inflammation, and early fibrosis.
Hypothesis-generating in murine bleomycin ALI; leaves open translation to human lung injury or fibrosis.
Acute lung injury underlies most of the lung diseases and can further develop to pulmonary fibrosis which caused high mortality and currently with no effective treatment regime. P-coumaric acid is a phenolic acid derived from a variety of vegetables and fruits and have anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. And its effect on acute pulmonary lung is not explored. Thus, the study investigated the protective action of p-coumaric acid on bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice. Five groups with each having 6 Albino mice (SHAM, BLM, BLM/PCA/50, BLM/PCA/100 and BLM/MEF/100) were included in the study and treated with a single intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin. p-coumaric acid (PCA) @ 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw and Metformin @100 mg/kg (as control drug) were administered for 7 days intraperitoneally after bleomycin instillation. In this study, administration of p-coumaric acid significantly attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation through reduced inflammatory cells infiltration and cytokines production (IL-6 and TNF-α) and decreased early fibrosis as manifested by decreased level of hydroxyproline, IL-13 and TGF-β along with decrease expression of vimentin and alpha-smooth actin. The p-coumaric acid@100 mg/kg showed the most significant therapeutic effect. Thus, p-coumaric acid could improve the bleomycin induced acute lung injury through attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, early fibrosis and EMT.
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Gavade et al. (2026) studied Male albino mice (4-6 weeks old) with bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and early pulmonary fibrosis (n=30). p-coumaric acid vs. Saline (SHAM), Bleomycin alone (BLM), and Metformin 100 mg/kg (positive control) was evaluated on Attenuation of bleomycin-induced acute lung injury assessed by lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, BALF protein concentration, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory and fibrotic cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, histological fibrosis scores, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (Significant reduction in wet-to-dry lung weight ratio with p-coumaric acid 100 mg/kg compared to bleomycin alone (p ≤ 0.05), p=≤0.05). P-coumaric acid 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 7 days significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and early fibrosis in mice, reducing lung edema (wet/dry ratio from 6.72 to 3.78), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α from 133.25 to 93.07 pg/mg), oxidative stress markers, and fibrosis scores.
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