Mapping Occupational Hazards and Risks in the Exploitation Phase of Large-Scale Mining: A Scoping Review

This article presents a scoping review that maps the existing scientific evidence on occupational hazards and associated preventive measures during the exploitation phase of large-scale mining. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the study identifies and classifies 22 occupational risks into chemical, physical, ergonomic, psychosocial, and safety-related categories. The findings highlight the predominance of chemical and physical hazards, reveal gaps in psychosocial and long-term health research, and underscore the need to integrate occupational safety with broader public health strategies to promote sustainable and evidence-based risk management in the mining sector.