Explores the asymmetrical nature of iterations in Peano arithmetic, suggesting a new hierarchy and implications for definability.
We study iterations of the uniform reflection principle in the context of Peano arithmetic. Working in the category Th of recursively enumerable extensions of PA with morphisms given by arithmetically identical interpretations, we construct a strictly increasing chain B_0, B_1, B_2, ... where each Bₙ₊₁ = B_n + Rfn(B_n). Using Gödel's second incompleteness theorem, we prove that there is no morphism Bₙ₊₁ → B_n, establishing the asymmetry of the chain. We then introduce a semantic operator Sem that assigns to each theory T an extension Sem(T) containing a truth predicate for T, with Tarski's axioms restricted to formulas of the original language and full induction in the expanded language. This operator is strictly stronger than T. Iterating Sem transfinitely along recursive ordinal notations leads to a transfinite hierarchy. We formulate the hypothesis of a fixed point theory B_Λ ≅ Sem(B_Λ), which would dynamically overcome Tarski's undefinability theorem. Open problems and connections to ordinal analysis and proof-theoretic trees are outlined.
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Daniel Osipenkov (2026) studied this question.
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