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February 22, 2026Journal of Medical Extended Reality1 citationsOpen Access

Physiological Markers of Cybersickness in Virtual Reality: Skin Conductance Correlates with Momentary Cybersickness Across Time

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PBPhillip BrownTilburg UniversityYLYu Jia LiuPSPieter SpronckTilburg University

Key Points

  • The aim is to investigate the use of physiological measures to assess cybersickness during virtual reality immersion.
  • Assessed physiological responses during a cybersickness-inducing virtual reality simulation.
  • Measured electrodermal activity, specifically skin conductance level and skin conductance response.
  • Utilized repeated measures correlation analysis to explore relationships between self-reported cybersickness and physiological data.
  • Significant increase in self-reported cybersickness during VR immersion.
  • Increased electrodermal activity measures (SCL and SCR) correlated with self-reports of cybersickness.
  • No significant change in heart rate beats per minute was observed.

Abstract

This exploratory study investigates the feasibility of using physiological measures to assess cybersickness during virtual reality (VR) immersion, with a particular focus on within-subject correlations to explore the relationship between the cybersickness self-report and physiological measures. The cybersickness-inducing simulation showed a significant increase in cybersickness self-report, a significant increase in electrodermal activity (EDA) measures, skin conductance level (SCL), and skin conductance response (SCR), although no such difference existed for heart rate beats per minute (BPM). Importantly, a repeated measures correlation analysis revealed a significant positive within-individual relationship between self-reported cybersickness and EDA measures (SCL and SCR). These findings suggest that EDA measures may serve as a valuable continuous physiological measure of cybersickness during VR immersion.

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Cite This Study

Brown et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699a9d50482488d673cd329chttps://doi.org/10.1177/29941520251415449
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