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This overview examines new therapies for patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

February 22, 2026Tijdschrift voor UrologieOpen Access

Emerging therapies for BCG unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an overview

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Overview highlights emerging therapies and their impact on BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment options.

This overview examines new therapies for patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Reviewed novel intravesical therapies approved by the FDA and their mechanisms.
Analyzed efficacy and toxicity profiles of emerging therapies in clinical settings.
Evaluated the treatment algorithm for BCG-unresponsive disease based on recent approvals.
Up to 40% of patients experience BCG-unresponsive disease, highlighting a critical treatment gap.
Several new therapies, including pembrolizumab and nadofaragene firadenovec, show relevant efficacy.
Combination therapies and new drug delivery devices demonstrate limited toxicity while improving outcomes.

Alfambra et al. (2026) studied this question.

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