What does this research mean for the field?

Adjuvant immunotherapy is associated with a 4.61-month improvement in overall survival for patients with stage II–III esophageal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.SUPPORTS_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the impact of adjuvant immunotherapy on survival in patients with stage II–III esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant treatment.

February 22, 2026Annals of Surgical OncologyOpen Access

Association of Adjuvant Immunotherapy with Improved Survival for Stage II–III Esophageal Cancer: 4-Year National Perspective

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Authors

SSSara SakowitzUniversity of California, Los Angeles SBSyed Shahyan BakhtiyarUniversity of California, Los Angeles YSYas Sanaiha

Discussion

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Implication

National analysis shows adjuvant immunotherapy enhances survival in stage II-III esophageal cancer, suggesting its wider adoption.

Key Points

To evaluate the impact of adjuvant immunotherapy on survival in patients with stage II–III esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant treatment.
Identified patients diagnosed with clinical stage II–III esophageal cancer from the National Cancer Database (2018-2022)
Included patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation, definitive esophagectomy, and had residual disease
Stratified patients into cohorts receiving or not receiving adjuvant immunotherapy
Conducted comprehensive risk adjustments and RMST analysis to assess survival outcomes
342 out of 1367 patients (25%) received adjuvant immunotherapy
Utilization of immunotherapy increased from 3% in 2018 to 50% in 2022 (P < 0.001)
Adjuvant immunotherapy associated with lower mortality hazard (HR 0.25 at 1 year, HR 0.60 at 3 years)
Patients receiving immunotherapy experienced an average of 4.61 additional months of survival over 3 years (CI 1.94–7.28)

Cite This Study

Sakowitz et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699a9e2d482488d673cd4b95 https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-026-19223-x

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Association of Adjuvant Immunotherapy with Improved Survival for Stage II–III Esophageal Cancer: 4-Year National Perspective

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Association of Adjuvant Immunotherapy with Improved Survival for Stage II–III Esophageal Cancer: 4-Year National Perspective

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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