Three-dimensional echocardiography for valvular heart disease: clinical implications

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has become an essential tool in the evaluation and management of valvular heart disease (VHD), offering superior accuracy and detailed visualization when used with the transthoracic and transoesophageal approaches. The rise of transcatheter valve interventions, particularly for high-risk or inoperable patients, has underscored the importance of 3D imaging in guiding these procedures. 3D echocardiography allows for precise assessment of valvular anatomy, quantification of regurgitation, and visualization of complex lesions, contributing to better procedural planning and outcomes. These advancements have enhanced the ability to guide transcatheter interventions with greater accuracy, improving the overall safety and success of procedures. This review highlights the growing role of 3D echocardiography in the management of VHD, emphasizing its evolving technology and applications in diagnostic precision and procedural guidance.