An In Silico Study of Resveratrol Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and 5‐Lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) in Cancer Therapy

Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) often co-expressed and upregulated in tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironments. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, has been reported to exert anticancer effects by influencing processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and inflammatory signaling. In this study, resveratrol derivatives were retrieved from the PubChem database using a similarity-based approach and evaluated as potential dual inhibitors of COX-2 and 5-LOX through molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The top four derivatives, FRV126, FRV169, FRV129, and FRV217, showed better docking scores than resveratrol for both targets. Analysis of MD trajectories, including root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), hydrogen-bond profiles, and compactness (radius of gyration), indicated that these complexes remained stable throughout the simulation period. Molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) analysis supported strong protein-ligand interactions, whereas in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) evaluation indicated desirable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. These findings highlight the identified resveratrol derivatives as promising dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors for further development in cancer therapy.