Abstract The concept of Mizāj (temperament) is a distinctive feature of the Unani System of Medicine, setting it apart from all other traditional medical systems. Just as individuals possess a unique Mizāj , each organ within the human body is characterized by a specific temperament that enables it to carry out its normal physiological functions. Any alteration in this temperament may result in functional disturbances, termed as Sū’i-Mizāj (impaired temperament). The vegetative faculty, which governs all vital metabolic processes, is central to the body’s functionality, with the liver serving as its principal organ. The temperament of the liver is classified as Ḥārr Raṭb (hot and moist), and its primary function is to synthesize Akhlāṭ (humors), which are essential for the nourishment and restoration of bodily organs. Consequently, any disruption in the liver’s normal temperament due to various factors can lead to an imbalance in the production of humors, thereby impairing the process of nourishment and potentially giving rise to a range of diseases. This paper aims to elucidate Sū’-i-Mizāj Ḥārr Jigar , i.e., a pathological state characterized by an increase in Ḥarārat (heat), with or without the involvement of matter, and its effect on the functioning of various bodily organs and its management. The study draws upon primary sources, including classical Unani texts, as well as secondary data from published and online resources.
Bashir et al. (2026) studied this question.